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Passage 4
The World Bank is committed to fighting poverty and helping developing countries invest in their education systems. In light of this, it has embraced the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals as its main priority and, particularly. “Eliminating gender disparity primary and secondary education”. The World Bank has recognized that there is no investment more effective for achieving development goals than educating girls. World Bank activities focus on assisting countries own efforts to advance gender equality. Through its lending and non-lending activities, the Bank has helped to improve lives of girls in client countries. Since the World Conference on Education for all in joint in 1990, the Bank’s emphasis in the area of girls’ education has increased and gender equality has been integrated as an important component of the Bank’s poverty reduction mission. Compared with two decades ago, more young people are entering school, completing the primary level, and pursuing secondary and tertiary education. In low-income countries alone, average enrollment rates in primary education have surged upwards of 80 percent, and primary completion rates are now above 60 percent. Remarkable accomplishments have been made towards achieving gender equality at all levels of education. Since 1990 the ratio of girls to boy enrolled in school has risen at all levels of education. The most significant increase in girls’ education enrollment in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia has been at the primary education level. In East Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, the increase in girl’s education has been at the secondary education level while In Europe and Central Asia; girls’ enrollment has raised most at the higher education level.
Although most developing countries have made considerable progress in reducing the gender gap in school enrollment, significant gender gaps remain. Estimates show that many countries will not meet the education Millennium Development Goals by 2016. Almost 30% of low and middle income countries are off-track or seriously off-track from meeting the education Millennium Development Goal of universal primary education. The inter-linkages between gender inequalities economic growth and poverty are the main reasons why girls’ education is a smart investment for developing countries to reap these benefits fully. Educating all their people, not just half of them, makes the most sense of future economic growth.
Systematic exclusion of women from access to schooling and the labor force translates into a less educated workforce, inefficient allocation of labor, lost productivity, and consequently diminished progress of economic development. Evidence across countries suggests that countries with better gender equality are more likely to have higher economic growth.
The benefits of women’s education go beyond higher productivity for 50 percent of the population. More educated women also tend to be healthier, participate more in the formal labor market, earn more income, have fewer children, and provide better health care and education to their children, all of which eventually improve the well-being of all individuals and lift households out of poverty. These benefits also transmit across generations, as well as to their communities at large.
15. The World Bank has admitted that ( ) is the most effective investment for achieving development goals.
A. helping developing countries
B. elimination gender disparity
C. educating girls
D. fighting poverty
16. The World Bank has taken ( ) as an important of its poverty reduction commitment.
A. girls’ education
B. girls’ enrollment
C. enrollment rates in primary education
D. gender equality
17. According to this passage, which of the following is TRUE? ( )
A. World Bank activities focus on eliminating gender inequalities.
B. Girls’ enrollment has raised most at the higher education level in Europe.
C. Primary completion rates have surged towards of 80 percent in low-income.
D. Its importance to bridge the significant gender gaps.
18. All of the following are the benefits of women’s education EXCEPT ( ).
A. more educated women tend to participate more in the formal labor market.
B. all of the benefits will eventually lift households out poverty.
C. these benefits will eventually eliminate gender inequalities.
D. more educated women will provide better education to their children.
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